110 Best Marketing Tools To Consider When Building Your Toolstack

110  Best Marketing Tools To Consider When Building Your Toolstack Marketers are only as good as the tools they choose to work with. You may disagree, but consider the following: Your social media automation glitches and buries your audience with irrelevant messages. Your analytics provide inconsistentunreliable†¦ therefore, inactionable numbers. The customer support team at such-and-such company is delayed in resolving your issue, pushing the entire project back a few days. Your email marketing software goes down unexpectedly messing with your time frame and frequency. Any of the above can turn a good week sour in a matter of seconds. Which is why marketers should seek tools they 1) love to use and 2) find reliable. The problem is there are SO many tools out there. How do you choose? We’ve compiled a list of the top marketing tools, broken up by category. In addition, the team here at highlighted their favorites to help steer you in the right direction. Now you can find a reliable fit for your toolstack, cut out time-sucking tasks, and start getting more done, faster. 👊 The 110  Best Marketing Tools To Consider When Building Your Toolstack via @Marketing Tool Categories: Table of Contents: Email Marketing Tools Social Media Management Tools Influencer Marketing Tools Paid Advertising Tools Social Media Automation Tools Social Media Monitoring Tools Conversion Rate Optimization Tools Landing Page Builders CRM Tools Marketing Analytics Tools Content Marketing Tools Video Marketing Tools Marketing Design Tools Marketing Research Tools Marketing Automation Tools Marketing Workflow Tools Copywriting Tools SEO Tools Marketing Communication Tools Additional Notable Marketing Tools Check Out ’s Entire Marketing Toolstack Curious to know which #marketing tools @uses? Find out here: Email Marketing Tools Defined: Messages sent directly via email to prospects and/or customers to build + nurture a relationship between the recipient and the product/service. The beautiful part about email is that your recipients have already subscribed to be there... so why not take advantage of a receptive audience? However, it is more important that ever to focus on providing consistent value to your subscribers’ inbox in order to continue building your relationship. Which email marketing tools are best? Other Email Marketing Tools ActiveCampaign: Email marketing automation/CRM  known for top-notch customer support AWeber:  Drag + Drop email marketing service designed for marketers short on time Constant Contact: Email campaign software with easy-to-use editable templates ConvertKit: Email marketing for online creators with automated email sequences Drip:  Intelligent email marketing automation with a visual workflow builder Emma:  Automation, segmentation, A/B testing + more Email Subject Line Tester: For creating click-worthy email subject lines GetResponse:  This one does it all: email marketing, automation, landing pages + webinars iContact: Email marketing automation tool rated #1 by Capterra Reviews Madness 2018 MailChimp:  Fun-to-use email marketing platform ideal for brands of any sizeSocial Media Management Tools Defined: A tool used to engage with your audience + measure performance across all social networks. Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Instagram†¦.these are the social networks where your audience spends their days. This is where they keep up on news, engage with friends and family, shop, or find out about career opportunities. Unfortunately, these are also the places they seek out to complain about an experience, product, or person. Using a social media management tool simplifies the process and helps preserve your Social Media Manager’s sanity. Instead of separate tabs for every, single network†¦ you have a single place to log-in, plan, schedule, post, + measure ALL of your social media activities. Which social media management tools are best? Other Social Media Management Tools AgoraPulse:  Affordable social media management tool for all team levels Buffer:  A single dashboard for all of your team’s social media accounts eClincher:  A complete solution for publishing, engagement, monitoring, suggested content, influencers + analytics reporting Falcon.io:  Paid + organic posts within a single content calendar Followerwonk:  Twitter analytics by Moz Hootsuite:  Content curation, analytics, monitoring AND scheduling Social Message Optimizer: Optimize your posts according to industry best practices Sprinklr:An entire cloud of social and customer experience solutions Sprout Social:  Data-led social media planning and publishing tool Zoho Social: A single dashboard to manage social channels, schedule posts, monitor keywords + collaborate amongst teamsInfluencer Marketing Tools Defined: A tool designed to help you find potential influencers within key topic categories to expand + connect with new audiences. Influencers can be a powerful weapon to incorporate into your marketing strategy. These individuals have become trusted and admired amongst subsets of people (potentially future customers). The common problem with influencer marketing is knowing where to start. This is where influencer marketing tools can help you get the ball rolling. Which influencer marketing tools are best? Other Influencer Marketing Tools BuzzSumo:  Find key topics and influencers for performance Mention:  Identify + engage potential influencers Julius:  Influencer insights and hand-curated data Sparktoro:  In the early stages of building a tool that will help P.R. teams discover the audiences they hope to reach.Paid Advertising Tools Defined: The tools marketers use to plan, execute, and measure their paid advertising efforts in order to gain traffic they may not have acquired organically. It’s becoming increasingly more difficult to reach your audience and earn traffic organically. In addition, changes to social media channels are making it harder to reach potential customers through social media marketing. Because of this, many brands have turned to paid advertising to make up for lost volume. Similarly to social, this can lead to countless open tabs and hopping back and forth between networks. Paid advertising tools help advertisers simplify this process with all-in-one campaign management for ppc, display, and retargeting across multiple networks. Which paid advertising tools are best? Other Paid Advertising Tools Adroll:  Display ads, social ads +   triggered emails in one tool Perfect Audience:  Retargeting solution Spyfu: For spying on your competitors’ keywords Wordstream:  Simplified online advertising Social Media Automation Tools Defined: A tool that’s set to automatically post to your social network(s) on your behalf. Social media is a 24-hours/day, 7-days/week world that doesn’t stop or slow down. Because your Social Media Manager is human, it simply isn’t realistic for them to be present every, single second. Intro: social media automation. These magical tools automate your social media and fill in gaps in your schedule so your brand can be consistently active in the networks that matter to your audience. Which social media automation tools are best? Other Social Media Automation Tools AgoraPulse:  Engage, publish, monitor + report Buffer:  Schedule posts and analyze performance Crowdfire:  Discover + schedule social media in one place Hootsuite:  Schedule, manage + report on social MeetEdgar:  Streamline your social posting Sprout Social:  Plan, create, manage, and deliver to socialSocial Media Monitoring Tools Defined: Tools that consistently crawl sites to track pre-determined mentions across the internet. This enables social media marketers to engage with mentions in a timely manner. You have three options when it comes to social media monitoring: Continuously check in across every social network, multiple times a day. Allow mentions to go unnoticed and leave your audience neglected. Use a social media monitoring tool to mine it all for you + simplify the engagement process. The choice here is a no-brainer. Fave: "From a PR and social perspective, Brandwatch  is pretty awesome. In my experience, it has the most powerful boolean logic queries, mixed with a comprehensive and customizable dashboard that provides great context. I use it to monitor what is being said about and by whom, as well as keeping on eye on what's being said about competitors. We can also track the performance of feature launches, campaigns, and product areas. If you're not experienced with writing a boolean query, it can take some time to get your data pulling correctly, but it's worth the troubleshooting." Which social media monitoring tools are best? Other Social Media Monitoring Tools Brand24:  Influence + sentiment analysis as well as social monitoring. Meltwater: Social media monitoring + sentiment analysis Mention: Social media monitoring + competitor analysisConversion Rate Optimization Tools Defined: A Conversion Rate Optimization (CRO) tool offers web page testing and insights in order to increase conversion rates. In order to achieve growth, digital marketers can either increase traffic volume to their site, or increase on-page conversion rates. Better yet†¦ both. Tools like these help marketers by providing actionable insights and a/b testing. An added bonus: it will be easy to show your boss the ROI this tool provides. 😠 Which conversion rate optimization tools are best? Other CRO Tools GTMetrix: Site speed insights + actionable recommendations Hotjar:  Site visit heatmaps Ion Interactive:  Code-free interactive content for your landing pages Optimizely:  Digital experimentation and optimizationLanding Page Builders Defined: A tool designed to simplify your landing page creation process in order to convert visitors into leads. For marketers that don’t have the technical expertise to code their own page, landing page builders can be a great alternative. Many have templates and drag and drop design features to help you create quality pages quickly. This can be game-changing for collecting new leads or bottom of the funnel sales. Landing Page Tools Instapage:  Landing page platform for maximizing conversions Landingi: Landing page builder for non-developers Leadpages:  Landing page builder + lead generation Unbounce:  Custom landing page builderCRM Tools Defined: Customer Relationship Management (CRM) tools are designed to manage customer information and aid in sales enablement. Depending on the product or service, your customer journey can be fairly lengthy and complex. CRM tools are crucial in order to keep leads organized at every stage of their journey. The ideal software helps to align your marketing and sales goals while collecting customer data and providing actionable insights. Which CRM platforms are best? Other CRM Tools: Agile:  Sales enablement, marketing automation and customer service Hubspot CRM: Free CRM to organize and nurture leads Nimble: Contact management for sales + marketing SugarCRM:  Simple to use, easy CRM tool Zoho CRM:  An all-in-one customer engagement suiteMarketing Analytics Tools Defined: Tools to manage + measure your marketing activity in order to determine success of each campaign. What is the ROI of your marketing efforts? When your boss asks, having the data to backup your hard work can prove invaluable. With marketing analytics tools, everything you do can be measured and reported on so you can show off your brag-worthy results. 😉 Which marketing analytics tools are best? Other Marketing Analytics Tools: :  Marketing software with team performance insights  + social media analytics Datorama:  Intelligent marketing data reports Funnel.io:  Automated data collection + reporting Google Analytics:  All your website data in one place TapClicks:  Marketing report dashboard TrackMaven:  Marketing analytics + insightsContent Marketing Management Tools Defined: Tools designed to manage your entire content planning, creation, + distribution process. Providing value through content marketing is one of the best ways to turn your audience into fans (and ideally customers). However, providing quality content, consistently  would be near impossible without a content marketing management tool to 1) keep you on track and 2) ensure consistent publishing. Which content marketing tools are best? Other Content Marketing Management Tools: Airtable:  Spreadsheet-esque collaboration + more Contently:  Enterprise content management software Content DJ:  Content curation + editorial calendar : Drag + drop marketing and editorial content calendar DivvyHQ:  Content strategy + workflow GatherContent:  Content platform for team collaboration Kapost:  B2B content operation platform Mintent:  Content management + workflow tool Monday:  Team task management + content planning Newscred:  Content marketing platform built for enterprises Percolate:  Built for enterprises, software for content planning, strategy + operationsVideo Marketing Tools Defined: Tools that simplify video creation and/or hosting in order to visually promote your brand. Video has become an important piece of content marketing in the last few years. It has the ability capture your audience’s interest early, then show + tell your brand’s value within minutes. With the emergence of video marketing, a variety of tools have emerged to assist marketers with editing, adding effects or cta’s, animation, and hosting. Which video marketing tools are best? Other Video Marketing Tools Animoto:  Easily stylized marketing video platform for businesses. Brightcove: Integrated video marketing solution for marketers Slidely:  Easily editable video and photo collections Vidyard:  Online video platform for businesses Vimeo:  Hosting/sharing/streaming/watching Vyond:  Dynamic media software for marketers Wideo:  Animated video + presentations creator Youtube:  THE video platform + second largest search engineDesign Tools Defined: Software used to simplify the design process and add visual branding to your marketing strategy. Design is what brings the rest of your marketing to life. It has the power to grab attention, tie in themes, and communicate beyond simply text. Great design tools are an extension of a great designer. Your needs will vary (like everything else) depending on budget, team resources, and time. Some tools are built for advanced designers, while others are geared towards the artistically adverse. Which graphic design tools are best? Other Design Tools Infogram:  For engaging infographics and reports Piktochart:  Easy to use design tool Venngage:  Beautifully designed templates + infographic creation toolMarketing Research Tools Defined: Tools used to aid in the process of collecting information in order to accurately define opportunities and develop a marketing strategy. Sure, you can walk around a new city and discover some neat places†¦ BUT if you do your research and build a plan, you’re more likely to get the most out of your experience. Similarly, you might occasionally strike gold without preparation. However, marketers tends to produce the best results when paired with adequate research + planning. When you have a thorough understanding of your target demographic, you can strategically create a marketing roadmap geared towards success. Which marketing research and survey tools are best? Other Marketing Research Tools Google Trends:  Insight to current search trends SurveyMonkey:  Professional survey softwareMarketing Automation Tools Defined: a tool with the goal of automating repetitive tasks in order to streamline and simplify a marketing team’s workflow. Sure, we all have the same 24 hours in a day, but what if we could take better advantage of our already limited time? Marketing automation tools can help ease some of the time-suck activities that take up too much of your valuable time. The best tools allow you to set it and forget it so you can focus on the rest of your ever-growing task list. Which marketing automation tools are best? Other Marketing Automation Tools GetResponse: Email marketing automation + more Hubspot:  Automated, integrated workflows Marketo:  multi-solution marketing automation Oracle: Cloud marketing solutions. Pardot:  Automation by Salesforce SharpSpring: Campaign automation and trackingMarketing Workflow Tools Defined: Tools that offer planning features necessary to move a marketing project from idea to execution. Every marketer has a process in place for bringing an idea to fruition. However, if your process involves sticky notes, calendar reminders, check-in meetings, and spreadsheets†¦ there are likely tools out there that could simplify this process for you. Marketing workflow tools feature built-in task management, collaboration features, and progress updates to help keep the entire team on track. Which marketing workflow tools are best? Other Marketing Workflow Tools Asana: Team task + project workflow software Basecamp: A central source of truth for team workflows Trello: Prioritization + status updates at a glance Wrike: Cloud-based collaboration and project management softwareCopywriting Tools Defined: Tools used to assist copywriters in crafting compelling language for various forms of marketing. Copywriting isn’t as simple as slapping a sentence down and calling it good. The best Copywriters approach their work thoughtfully and with intent- often going through multiple drafts before landing on the perfect message. Although Copywriters seem to have magic ink, even they need a little help sometimes to ensure they are crafting the best message possible. Which copywriting tools are best? Other Copywriting Tools Airstory: The Copywriter’s writing software Grammarly: Free writing assistant Hemingway: Writing app full of recommendations Thesaurus: A tool that lists synonyms/related termsSEO Tools Defined: Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Tools assist marketers with insights and opportunities for improvements that will increase their performance within search engine result pages. In the battle for page one rankings, marketers need to do everything they can to improve their page performance. SEO tools help simplify this process by giving you the information you need to make incremental improvements that can lead to big results. Which search engine optimization tools are best? Other SEO Tools LSIGraph:  Your latent semantic indexing best friend Majestic: Marketing search engine and backlink checker Moz: Keyword research, SEO, link building and more Screaming Frog: For crawling websites SEMrush: SEO  and PPC analysis toolMarketing Communication Tools Defined: The in-office (often chat-based) tool used for communication + collaboration. Nobody likes unwanted desk drop-bys. They put a wrench in your day and throw off your focus. Communication tools allow collaboration between team members without being intrusive. Chats are great for quick questions, reminders, office announcements, or an occasional gif. In addition, chatting is a great alternative to sending out yet another  email.

Coal tar creosotes products Essays

Coal tar creosotes products Essays Coal tar creosotes products Essay Coal tar creosotes products Essay Coal pitch is among the byproducts when coal is carbonized to do coke or gasified to do coal gas. Coal pitch creosotes are distillation merchandises of coal pitch, while coal pitch pitch is a residue produced during the distillment of coal pitch. Coal pitch pitch volatiles are compounds given off from coal pitch pitch when it is heated. Coal pitch creosotes, coal pitch, coal pitch pitch, and coal pitch pitch volatiles are composed of many single compounds of changing physical and chemical features. In add-on, the composing ofe ach, although referred to by specific name ( e.g. , coal pitch creosote ) is non consistent. For case, the constituents and belongingss of the mixture depend on the temperature of the destructive distillment ( carbonisation ) and on the nature of the carbon-containing stuff used as a feedstock for burning Usually ; coal pitchs are syrupy liquids or semisolids that are black or dark brown with a naphthalene-like olfactory property. Coal pitchs are complex combin ations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons ( PAHs ) , phenols, heterocyclic O, S, and nitrogen compounds. { 1 } Although several hundred chemical compounds have been isolated from coal pitch, a comparatively little figure are present in appreciable sums. These may be grouped as in the tabular array. All the compounds in the tabular array except the monomethylnaphthalenes are of some commercial importance. The byproducts from coal carbonization, particularly coal pitch, have been the chief beginning of chemicals worldwide in the latter half of the nineteenth century. However, during the past four decennaries, crude oil and natural gas have mostly replaced coal as the basic natural stuffs for the production of chemicals. As crude oil and gas militias are worsening quickly, due to their progressively high demand, coal is expected to finally recover its place as a major beginning of chemicals and other non-fuel merchandises in the twenty-first century. Traditionally, Cresylic acids have been obtained from coal pitch. In the United Kingdom, methyl phenols have been conventionally produced from low temperature coal pitchs as a consequence of carbonisation of coal. The chief manufacturer has been Coalite Chemicals. In Germany, Rutgers VFT AG have about perfected coal pitch chemical science and have been bring forthing cresylic acids and 3 5-xylenols for old ages. CdF Chime in France and Nippon Steel chemical co. of Japan has besides been bring forthing some coal tar-based methyl phenols. The most outstanding manufacturer in the field of methyl phenols from coal pitch had been SASOL of South Africa that has been runing coal chemical workss utilizing force per unit area gasification of bitumious coals based on lurgi procedure. In these workss, ab initio phenol and ortho-cresol are separated from the cresylic acid mixture utilizing fractional process, and a mixture rich in methyl phenols ( up to 94 % ) incorporating some xylenols is produced and the merchandise is marketed as assorted methyl phenols ( chiefly para methyl phenol, meta methyl phenol, and little per centum of assorted xylenols and a really small measure of unrecovered phenol ) . Bituminous coal or even lignite pitchs have been used in Germany, Czech Republic, Russia, Ukraine and India for recovery of assorted methyl phenols and xylenols. However, many of these workss, particularly in Germany, are being closed down since coal carbonisation procedures are considered to be harmful to the environment. The Procedure The industry of coke in the byproduct coke ovens normally consequences in the production of 10 to 16 gal of pitch and light oil per ton of coal. ( 1 ) . The petroleum coal pitch is so farther distillated to give 5 % of light oil, 17 % of creosote oil, 17 % of heavy oil and 61 % pitch. Cresols and xylenols recovered from coal pitchs are normally in the signifier of cresylic acid, the cresylic acid is normally approximately 2 to 3 % of the original pitch and it is normally present in the light oil ( up to 200 C ) and the in-between oil ( 200 to 250 ) . The cured cresylic acid typically contains 45 % phenol, 35 % methyl phenols, 15 % xylenols and 5 % other phenolic homologs ( 1 ) Cresols can be obtained by polishing tar acids. These acids consist of the phenolic components present in coal pitch. The byproduct coking of coal outputs an norm of 42 litres of coal pitch. The pitch is distilled ( ! ! ! ) and a fraction known as creosote oil or tar-acid oil is collected. The fraction containing of approximately 17 % is foremost processed to take the naphthalene. The phenols and methyl phenols, nowadays in the pitch to the extent of 0.3 % to 1.1 % , are so removed as follows. The tar-acids, after naphthalene remotion, are charged into a wash armored combat vehicle, where the phenolic organic structures are extracted with Na hydrated oxide solution. Acerb concentrations changing from 8 to 50 % may be utilized, although the higher concentrations are in more general usage. The pitch acids are converted to their several salts, Na phenate and cresylate, which are soluble in the aqueous bed. This bed incorporating the tar-acid salts is allowed to settle in the wash armored combat vehicle and is so discharged from the underside. The nonaqueous ( neutral-oil ) bed is distilled and sent to the pyridine-recovery works ( ! ! ! ) . The Na cresylate from the wash armored combat vehicle is freed of entrained and dissolved oils and the bases by vaporization ( under vacuity ) to controlled concentrations. The concentrated cresylate solution is run from the evaporator into a neutralizer or carbonating armored combat vehicle. Here most of the salts are converted to free pitch acids by intervention with C dioxide. The acids are decanted from the ensuing Na carbonate solution and are so charged into an acidifier. Sulfuric acid, in changing concentrations, is added to finish the procedure of springing the pitch acids. Carbon dioxide intervention can be eliminated by utilizing merely merely sulphuric acid, but this pattern is non common. The released phenols and methyl phenols are separated from aqueous Na sulphate solution in the acidifier by decantation. The top bed, incorporating the phenolic organic structures, is distilled either intermittently or continuously through a fractioning column. Here the H2O is removed an d several fractions such as petroleum phenols methyl phenols and xylenols are taken. The phenol fraction is sent to the phenol-refining works for farther processing. The petroleum methyl phenol cut is farther purified by fractional distillment to give o-cresol and a mixture dwelling of m-and p-cresol. The latter methyl phenols were by and large marketed as a mixture, since their separation is well more hard than the isolation of o-cresol due to the fact that there is a sensible difference in boiling points of o-cresol and other isomers. The two isomers may be refined by the formation of the oxalic-acid add-on merchandise or by the alkylation with an alkene to give compounds that are more readily separated. Hydrolysis and dealkylation, severally, output refined m- and p- methyl phenols. However merely a little fraction of the m-cresol-p-cresol mixture is used to fix the single isomers Until World War 2 about all the cresylic acid was produced from coal pitch by merchandise. The addition in demand during the war led top crude oil refiners to put in installations for recovery the cresylic acid formed in the thermic snap procedures. This was extended to catalytically cracked napthas after the war. These yearss the production of methyl phenols and xylenols are chiefly produced from man-made paths.

The global economy--answer all three questions Essay

The global economy--answer all three questions - Essay Example With growing or declining market rates, which are dependent on demand for funds or economic conditions, interest rate is changing respectively. There are many differences between official cash rate and the market rate of interest. Nevertheless, relation between these two rates determines a special influence exerted on the economy of the country. Cash rate is also known as interest rate paid on overnight funds. Business cycle is under a strong influence of interest rate. Changes are sent to other interest rates in the economy and economic activity is under the influence of interest rates changes. Changes in the cash rate exert influence on interest rates in the economy. Nevertheless, some rates are not subjected to external influence from other rates. There are different options for interest rate changes and movements. It can be claimed that market rates are quick and complete in the markets. From another perspective, there are numerous cases of regression and the coefficients of cash rate change are less than one, as a rule. Maturity of security can be defined in the following way: â€Å"the long-run pass-through coefficient and the coefficient on the cash rate in the "levels" regressions are positive for all three rates, but the size of the coefficients declines the longer is the maturity of the security† (Wylie, 2009). It is possible to define the measure of governmental bonds over a certain period of time and the rates of maturities should be correlated during different periods. It is evident that the interest rate, when decrease, exerts a serious negative influence on consumption and investment expenditures, as well as the level of aggregate demand, the inflation and the unemployment rates. This influence can be interpreted in the following manner: when there is a price increase, borrowing is decreasing. When the price is decreasing, the effect is quite different. Borrowing increases in this case at once. Consequently, it is evident that changes in

Critical appraisal in clinical practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Critical appraisal in clinical practice - Essay Example It is of particular interest to me because various studies have been carried out on pain management and assessment, and I believe that establishing which studies provide the best evidence on care would also assist me in my delivery of health services (Hammer and Collinson, 1999). This paper shall first present the method by which the studies were selected. It shall be followed by the critical summaries and then by the appraisal of method. Finally, a synthesis of findings and reflection on practice will also be presented. Body Selection of papers In the selection of the papers, I entered the following search words in Google Scholar; post-operative + nursing care, post-operative issues + nursing, pain assessment + post-operative nursing. Search results were further narrowed down using the following additional parameters: past 10 years, and results from the following databases: EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, and the Cochrane databases. Articles found were further narrowed down based on advance d search parameters, covering meta-analysis and other scholarly types of research. The credibility of the authors was also evaluated, assessing their expertise on the subject of the research. Critical summaries In the study by Blondal and Halldorsdottir (2008), the authors attempted to establish a though understanding of nurses’ experiences in the management of patients in pain. The authors understood that despite improved knowledge on patient care, these patients were still suffering from issues in relation to pain and nurses are the primary health professionals which can help relieve these symptoms. The authors carried out their study as a phenomenological study covering 20 dialogues with 10 experienced nurses. The research process revealed that caring for patients in pain is a major challenge for many nurses and nurses seem to feel a moral obligation to ease patient’s pain. Moreover, these nurses feel that they face a challenge in managing patient’s pain in t erms of how they read their patient, how they deal with moral conflicts, and organizational issues. The authors also concluded that nurses require different patterns of knowledge and a favourable work environment in order to improve their pain management skills. In the study by Al-Shaer, et.al., (2011), the nurses’ knowledge and attitudes regarding pain assessment and intervention was considered. The authors undertook their study as a non-experimental, descriptive design, based on a convenience sample of 129 registered nurses working in various units of a Midwestern metropolitan hospital. The authors covered registered nurses on their knowledge and attitudes on pain management and the results indicated that their knowledge of pain management principles and interventions seem to be insufficient. Although the results of this study do indicate high knowledge scores, some nurses indicate an inadequate ability to care for patients experiencing pain. The authors were also able to a cknowledge the fact that pain is a subjective experience and that nurses must not base their assessments on their personal beliefs of judgments. Critical review 1. Appraisal of method In the study by Blondal, the problem was specifically and clearly stated by the authors and it had sufficient background information in order to

C-V-P equation.Contribution margin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

C-V-P equation.Contribution margin - Essay Example The C-V-P equation or the Cost Volume Profit Analysis is a major step in major decisions. It is the model which defines a relationship between the sales price, cost or production, sales volume and other costs of any product. The major purpose of this model and its application is the predictability of future profits and its change based on changes in either volume or any of the components of costs that it takes into account.It is important for managers to decide if their materials costs and other direct variable costs are too high given the revenue from the product. Keeping aside the fixed costs which have to be borne irrespective of the sales revenue, the remaining costs which are directly proportional to units sold can be minimized to manage cash flows in a better way. They can cut on their variable costs by having a look at the contribution margins of their company and their products.The contribution of sales to before tax profits, or gross profits, over and above the break even is exactly the contribution margin as there are no fixed costs any more. The amount after the deduction of variable costs from the revenues will be added to the profits.CVP graphs help the manager and the reader to have a better figure of the relationship between the profits, sales and volume of sales. CVP graphs also helps in viewing the breakeven points on the graph and provides a better insight into the profit-impact of increased sales or costs.When we have a increase in the fixed costs, the breakeven point changes. ... 13. When other factors are constant, what is the effect on profits of an increase in fixed costs Of a decrease in variable costs When we have a increase in the fixed costs, the breakeven point changes. The breakeven point is the point where the profits are zero or the total contribution margin is equal to the fixed costs. It's a no-profit and no-loss position. When the fixed costs increase in the [(Fixed costs) / (contribution margin)] calculation of break-even point, the number of units to break even increases. If there is a decrease in variable costs, the contribution margin increases, given the same price. Due to this, the break even units decrease as the denominator is increasing. 14. What are the limiting assumptions of C-V-P analysis The CVP model assumes that the prices of the units will remain constant and do not change in the entire process. Variable and fixed components can be easily and accurately calculated for units. The determination of fixed and variable costs, in actual conditions, is very difficult. Inventories are available at all times to make sales and that there is no shortage of supply of products to sell. The sales mix remains constant for multi product companies too. Practice 16-3 Linearity of Variable Costs within the Relevant Range The company has assembled the following data about its variable costs: Level of Activity Total Variable Cost 1,000 units $ 25,000 2,000 units 46,000 3,000 units 69,000 4,000 units 92,000 5,000 units 100,000 The company is currently producing 3,300 units. According to these data, what is the relevant range over which the company can assume that the variable cost per unit is constant In this case, the

Relationship Between Racist Symbols and Prejudice

Relationship Between Racist Symbols and Prejudice Pre-test measures Image and question selection was twofold, primarily, the author identified possible images against three criteria political, general and racial, selected from a general cross-section of images located on internet sites identified by the search race hate groups white supremacy and political symbols. Various Discussion groups were then facilitated, one prisoners and one civilian group[1]. The dual grouping was to negate any prisoner only bias. Twenty selected images were displayed in each of the three categories to each group separately. The means of display was in a room which had reduced lighting and the individual images being projected onto screen. A semi-structured discussion then followed with the facilitator noting each image, which appeared to raise awareness or interest within the group. The images selected for treatment use were seven racial, five political (with a balance between parties) and two general (see appendix A). Further discussion groups with different prisoners a nd civilians; incorporating a variety of closed and open-ended questions being tabled around a different selection of images, which were similar in design to those already selected for use in the experiment. The responses from within these groups were noted as to which questions appeared to raise awareness or interest from each pilot group. Thus the questions selected were: Three scales were used as outcome measures in this experiment: British Prejudice Scale: The British Prejudice Scale (BPS) (Lepore Brown, 1997) is the amalgamation of several existing instruments: the Modern Racism Scale, the New Racism Scale and the Subtle and Blatant Prejudice Scale. The authors subtly altered these scales post-amalgamation to make them appropriate for white British respondents. The scale is designed as a general measure of anti-black prejudice. This scale was chosen because it contains a substantial component of anti-immigration, anti-foreigner sentiment. This sentiment closely approximates out-group hostility, distance and perceived worldview threats that are central to the theoretical argument being developed in this thesis. The internal consistency for this scale is high, Cronbach a=.92 (Lepore Brown, 1997).The scale consists of 15 questions answered on a scale from 1 7 (strongly agree to strongly disagree) and are summed indicating a range from 15 (high prejudice) to 105 (low prejudice). Thus a respondent scoring lower on this scale will be deemed more racist than a person with a high score. Social Dominance Orientation Scale: The Social Dominance Orientation Scale (SDO) (Pratto, Sidanius, Stallworth Malle, 1994), measures individual differences in the extent to which respondents prefer inequality among social groups. There are four separate versions of this scale; the 16-item scale has been selected for use in these experiments to allow other measures to be included. According to the scales authors, SDO is not a direct measure of racial attitudes, but, like authoritarianism, is a focal part of social ideology that predicts a wide range of political and racial attitudes. The measure has strong internal consistency, Cronbach a= .84 (Pratto et al., 1994). SDO conceptualises the importance of racial and political attitudes and therefore will be a direct measure of racial attitudes. It is purported that a person high in SDO will quite probably develop a negative attitude towards some group that is low in status or prestige. Further indications are that for those respondents high in SDO display a tendency to favour hierarchical relationships within groups and suggest an alignment of superior-inferior dimensions. According to the authors, individuals high in SDO accept legitimising myths that include racial and ethnic prejudice, nationalism, patriotism, separation between high and low culture, sexism, meritocracy and political conservatism (Pratto et all., 1994). Scale items are scored on a 1-7 (very positive to very negative) scale and scores are averaged across items. Thus a respondent scoring higher on this scale would indicate a stronger social dominance orientation or more prone to racist thinking than a person with lower scores. Selection of this scale was important to the study because those high in SDO display out-group hostility or denigration and would therefore likely seek to ensure a greater social distance from members of those out-groups. In addition the scale has been designed to independently indicate racism as apart from traditional pol itical ideology. Social Distance Scale: The Social Distance Scale (SDS) (Bogardus, 1933) was designed to measure the extent to which people want to keep a distance and avoid intimate contact between themselves and people from different racial, ethnic, national or social groups. The scale has a high internal consistency, with Cronbach a greater than .90 (Kleg Yamamoto, 1995, Mielenz, 1997, Osei-Kwame Achola, 1981). The scale consists of measuring first feeling reactions to a list of social, racial, ethnic and national groups ranging from regarding distant social contact (e.g., as visitors to ones country) to the most intimate (e.g., as a family member by marriage). In Bogarduss original scoring method (1933) a low score on this scale indicates the person is less inclusive or welcoming of out-group members than those respondents with a high score. Unlike the British Prejudice Scale and the Social Dominance Orientation Scales, which utilise closed-ended questions and Likert scales, the Social Distance Scale design is based on the uni dimensional Guttman-type scale. Clear written instructions on how to respond to the questionnaire and each scale were provided to all respondent prior to each scale. The British Prejudice Scale and the Social Dominance Orientation Scales being of the closed question style were pre-coded and the response sets were in a Likert scale, this allowing for ease of analysis. The Social Distance Scale design is based on the uni-dimensional Guttman-type scale, with increasing levels of intimacy. Clear written instructions on how to respond to the questionnaire and each scale were provided to all respondent prior to each scale. The main body of the questionnaire, as previously noted, was pre-determined by the use of existing scales. Consideration at this stage was given to a methodology of image presentation, due to the social undesirability of racial comments, and it was further considered unlikely that respondents would answers openly and honestly if they were fully aware that they were being questioned about racist attitudes. Furthermore, fully informed consent was not realistic prior to the experiment. The selected scales were already of a political nature by being measurements of political attitudes. The scales used dictated the information required, therefore consideration only had to be given to the construction, format ordering and filler questions required to ensure the deception was successful. The filler questions were selected by using a pre-general election governmental questionnaire[2] . It has been acknowledged that the style of question can influence the reported response, thus this method, by which elimination of any bias from the researcher is effected was deemed the most appropriate methodology. The questions were subsequently piloted,[3] with random introduction, the facilitator noting the level to which questions appeared to lead or invoke discussion or a better response from the group members. These questions were then used to fill the questionnaire and disguise the real intention of the measure. The design of the questionnaire was against two specific criteria, simplicity of administration and level of cognition of intended recipients prisoners. Instructions and layout were deliberately simple with additional concentration on ensuring the design was short, thus ensuring a minimisation of respondent fatigue and high response rate. The demographics were selected to identify length in prison, first or further prison sentence, number of previous prison sentences, age and level of education, thus allowing for statistical tests for possible influence or bias. Post-test measures The study investigated whether exposure to racist signs and symbols impacted participants scores on measures associated with hate and prejudice. The hypothesis was tested in seven different ways, firstly against the British Prejudice Scale, which was designed as a measure of anti-black prejudice; Secondly, against the Social Dominance Orientation Scale, the Social Dominance Orientation Scale conceptualising the importance of racial and political attitudes, therefore being a direct measure of racial attitudes. The next five tests of the hypothesis were sub-components of the Social Distance Scale which measures the extent by which people want to keep a distance and avoid increasing amounts of intimate contact between themselves and people from different racial, ethnic, national or social groups. A Man-Whitney U[4] test was conducted to determine whether the experimental and the control groups were comparable, on the demographic information from the sample. The demographic variables used in this experiment were length in prison (time spent in present establishment), first time in prison (whether or not this was a first custodial sentence), previous times in prison (number of previous custodial sentences), length of sentence (length of present custodial sentence), age and education. Independent t-tests were also conducted using the British Prejudice Scale, and the various elements of the Social Distance Scale scores. In order to take into account multiple testing, a Bonferroni adjustment[5] was also calculated. Analyses of covariance[6] were considered but no variances in dependant variables were apparent. Hypothesis The primary hypothesis of this research is that viewing racist signs and symbols increases prejudice against out-groups and factors associated with racism and hate. FINDINGS British Prejudice Scale On average, the control group scored significantly higher on the British Prejudice Scale (M= 64.67, SD= 16.41) than the experiment group (M= 36.68, SD= 18.46). The results of the test were significant (t(126) = 9.08, p=

Essay --

Philosophy is derived from Ancient Greek as â€Å"philosophia† which means â€Å"love of wisdom† (Liddell). In Western Philosophy, there are two predominant schools of ethical thought and these are: categorical moral imperative and consequentialism. In this essay, some background descriptions on each theory are provided, and I will provide justifications for using categorical moral imperatives. The categorical imperative is one of the central philosophical concepts that were developed by philosopher Immanuel Kant. Kant moral philosophy is deontological; it rests on the notion of duty or obligation from the Greek word ‘Deon’ (Kant, Immanuel). Kant formulated the categorical imperative in three different ways: The first universal law formulation â€Å"Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time will that is should become universal law†. (Kant, Immanuel) In other words, any moral law or maxim you choose to adopt, it has to have rational sense to be implemented for everyone else to adopt is as well. If so, then this moral law can guide whatever course of action is open to you. The second humanity or end of itself formulation â€Å"Act in such a way that you always treat humanity whether in your own person or in the person of any other never merely as a means but always at the same time as end† (Kant, Immanuel) In other words, this al most follows the golden rule treat people with respect, so that they can treat you with the same courtesy. Moreover, treat thyself with the same respect as you would treat others. The third kingdom of ends formulation â€Å"Therefore, every rational being must so act as if he were through his maxim always a legislating member in the universal kingdom of ends.†(Kant, Immanuel) In other words, we should treat eac... ...s a life at stake. Going back to the example, I can also argue that is not necessary for the person at the house to tell the stranger where the family relative is. It is true that he is not allowed to lie, but he can also choose to stay quiet. If he doesn’t say anything he has neither lied nor told the truth to the murderer. Kant’s categorical imperative can provide a set of rules to formulate what a good person is and should do. Kantian philosophy is deontological and it requires people to always do their duty. Kant does not forbid feeling good or happiness, but it must be the case that each person can fulfill their duty even if they did not enjoy doing it. In summary, in order to determine whether or not a particular act is good or bad, morally speaking, we must apply the categorical imperative and I have provide justifications to use it in our daily day lives.

Performance Appraisal and Career Development

Performance Appraisal and career Development Ms. Garima Gupta (Assistant Professor, MBA&PGDM) Banshi Group of Institutions, Bithoor, Kanpur ABSTRACT: The paper focuses on the roles that are played by the employee, the manager and the employer in planning, guiding and developing the employee’s career and points out that appraisal works as a motivating tool for the same as it improves employee’s job performance by identifying strengths and weaknesses and determining how their strengths, may be best utilized within the organization and weaknesses be overcome.It throws light on the fact that people wants to choose occupations, jobs and a career that makes sense in terms of projected future demand for various types of occupation the co.uk/hrm-352/">performance Appraisal system helps the employees to become aware of their personal skills, interests, knowledge, motivation and other characteristics which help to identify their career related goals and establishes action pla ns to attain goals, research is done to find out the employer’s role and also his career development responsibilities, that depends on how long the employee has been with the firm, it is the employer only who serves as a mentor to helps the person learn that ropes are important , it focuses on the importance of employer that it is only he who contributes in a positive way to the employee’s career & matches the person’s strength & weaknesses with the feasible career path and believes that development is one of the important step that helps to improve the organization career planning process. Performance appraisal: It is defined as the method of judging the relative worth or the ability of an employee in performing his tasks. It lets the employee know how he is performing (whether his performance is meeting the set standard or not) and helps him to improve his performance if lacking. It is generally carried out to evaluate the employee’s performance and also to develop him by capitalizing his strengths and overcoming the weaknesses. Who will appraise: The Appraisal can be done by one or by the combination of following: 1. Employer(Supervisor) 2. Peer 3.High Level Manager 4. Customer 5. Subordinate 6. Self-Appraisal Appraisal————-A Motivating tool to develop Employee’s Career and improving job performance———————————————————–by identifying Employee’s strength and Weaknesses It has been noticed that appraising the employee helps a lot in improving his performance it helps to know that whether the employee is meeting the set standard or not if not then what are the lacking areas in which he is not able to perform well, in order to overcome this the weaknesses of employee are identified and proper steps are taken to improve them & utilize his strengths effectively.Employe r’s Role in Identifying person’s Strengths and weaknesses: It is the employer who keeps an eye on the employees during his job performance it is only he who assign the task and duties to the employees after identifying the employee’s area of interest, his abilities and competencies in performing the task, he is the one who notices that how well the employee is performing and also notices the points where employee does not perform well during the whole performance Appraisal and evaluation process the employer comes to know about the strengths and weaknesses of the employee and ask the employee to overcome his weaknesses as they may prove to be obstacle in the path of his career development ,it is the employer who advises the employee to match his strengths and weaknesses with the opportunity and threats prevailing in the organization to achieve the career growth . The Employer should find out that how long the employee is staying with the organization and whether the skills and interest of the employee are meeting with the job post or not.If not than it is the sole responsibility of the employer to help employee in overcoming his weaknesses by guiding and providing suggestions in developing required skills in the employee, as the employer serves as the mentor to the employee in boosting up their morale and inhibiting confidence in them so that they can move forward in their career and build them according to their wishes. A positive contribution is required from employer’s side. Employee’s strength and weaknesses identified by the Employer: By continuously monitoring the activities performed by the employee and also by evaluating employee’s performance the employer brings out following Strengths and weaknesses in the employee- STRENTHS: 1. Level of Education 2. Sound job knowledge . Work experience 4. Positive personal characteristics 5. Excellent communication skills 6. Problem solving abilities 7. Team building charac teristics 8. Sound judgment and decision making abilities 9. A good Initiator 10. Controlling and Delegating Abilities WEAKNESSES: 1. Lack of higher Education level 2. Inappropriate job knowledge 3. Lack of work experience 4. Negative personal characteristics 5. Lack of communication skills 6. Low problem solving abilities 7. Lack of team building characteristics 8. Lack of sound judgment and low decision making abilities 9. Lack of Initiative characteristics 10. Low delegating and Controlling abilitiesThough strengths are the internal positive aspects of employees, which should be capitalized whereas weaknesses are the internal negative aspects of employee, which should be improved. It has been noticed that it is very difficult for us to know about about our weaknesses as we only wish to see our positive sides and tries to ignore our negative aspects, in such situation employer plays very crucial role in identifying our strengths and weaknesses, during Appraisal the employee also c omes across the points where he lacks and tries the way to improve in that area , the Employer emphasizes on the fact that the employee should take steps to develop his, skills, interest, Style and values.An impressing personality also proves to be one of the most important factors for growth, one should inoculate the skills of sharp learning in himself so that it helps employee to know more and more about himself and helps him to improve himself in the areas where the employee is weak. , Which in turn proves to be very much important for the growth of the organization. Following points are very important for employee’s development- 1. Employer’s Feedback 2. Areas of Employee Development 3. Praise as well as criticism from the employers 4. Maintain/improve knowledge & skills 5. Maintain awareness of operating environment & organisation’s mandate 6. Know & understand scope of responsibilities & duties 7. Give feedback on performance expectations a nd assessment criteria 8.Give feedback on constraints to achieving targets 9. Produce & maintain high quality of output Employee Competency: An employee should be good in following points in order to become competent by capitalizing strengths and overcoming weaknesses- 1. He should have sound knowledge about his job profile and his working areas. 2. He should a positive attitude towards the responsibilities and duties assigned to him. 3. He should posses a positive behavior towards his subordinates for the achievement of goals. 4. He Should be strongly motivated But these competencies can be developed only through a sound Appraisal System that will help to find out the employee’s drawbacks, which can be improved, y Training and Development. The employee can achieve success in his work by matching his own needs with the needs of organization. MATCHING INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL NEEDS ORGANIZATIONALNEEDSINDIVIDUAL NEEDS StaffingMaking career/job choice DevelopmentMaking contribution Leveling offFitting into organization RestaffingUsing Experience Career development is directly linked with Human Development. It ongoes throughout the lifespan of an individual resulting in the individuals growth both in their life and work, it basically refers to shaping your career in a way you wish to. It helps in developing capable employees with best skills, knowledge and behavior.Employer’s Role in Career Planning, Guiding and Developing the Employee’s Career: Following steps should be taken: †¢Know yourself: †¢Who are you? †¢What is your motivational type? †¢What is your personality type? †¢What are your career assets? †¢Assess where you are in relation to where you want to be †¢Identify your strengths and developmental needs †¢Benchmark your goals †¢Planning: Create Your Career Development Plan †¢Preparation: Have a Career Discussion and be Competition Ready By keeping above points in mind followin g characteristics are developed in the employees by the Employer to plan and develop their career- 1. Employee’s personal interest and abilities 2.Integrating the employee’s personal value system with the organizational culture. 3. Developing Team building Skills. 4. The employer to deal with conflicts, grievances, Stress, and emotions provides healthy tips. 5. Developing the feeling of commitment and competence among the employees. 6. Boosting up the employee’s Career. 7. Creates awareness among the employee about his unique characteristics that makes him different from others. It is the prime responsibility of the employer to take active interest in an employees career planning. Promotions in the job through appropriate Appraisal system that brings following points in the employee’s mind- 1. The employee gains a sense of satisfaction and security. 2.It helps to increase employee’s loyalty as they feel that the organization not only concerned in i ts development but also in the development of the employee. 3. The feeling of promotion motivates the employee to develop their personal skills and potential abilities for their personal growth and development. 4. It encourages employees to match their personal goals with the goals of organization for effective and efficient working that will yield fruitful results. 5. The employee will take keen interest in asking the employer about his strengths and weaknesses and will try to match them with the opportunities and threats of the organization he is working with.Career Development Initiatives: †¢A periodic review should be done by the employer to discuss about the career plan †¢Employer and the manager should take active part in guiding the employees on the issues related to their career development. †¢Job Rotation should be done so that they may understand the variations in their responsibilities. †¢An effective performance appraisal programme should be done to h elp employee know about their lacking areas †¢Helping employees in identifying their skills, interest and values. †¢Helping employees in developing their career goals based on the needs of the organization. †¢Relating employee’s current performance with future potentials. Transfers ,Promotions ,Demotions/Termination, Relocation Services, Outplacement Services, Development Opportunity Announcements, promotion of CD Opportunities. †¢Encourage employees take more ownership for their own career development References: †¢1998, Archer North & Associatiates, Introduction to Performance Appraisal, http://www. performance-appraisal. com/intro. htm †¢A framework for HRM-Gary Dessler †¢HRM-An Introduction-Angelo S. DeNisi,Ricky W. Griffin †¢Human Resource Management-Principles and Practices-PG Aquinas †¢Human Resource Management-Theory and Practices-Tapomoy Deb †¢Terrence H. Murphy (2004-03-24) (PDF). Performance Appraisals. †¢T homas F. Patterson (1987). Refining Performance Appraisal. †¢www. rhemagroup. com †¢www. slideshare. com †¢www. usuhs. mil/chr/idp. pdf

Free Essays on Video Games And Agressive Behavior

Entertainment and media affect our lives. What’s to say that video games do not have the same effect? There are many variables that show how a person will act and to what stimuli. Men and women are also very different in the way that they perceive things and respond to them. Playing violent video games compared to non-violent games, academic achievement, and the time spent playing the games are all factors relating to violent and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Video games have been around for years. When Atari first presented the games, the whole world was playing Pong and Pac-man. Even then, questions were raised about children playing such â€Å"violent† games such as Pac-man, going around chomping up little ghosts. 1993, the most popular video game was Mortal Kombat. Comparing Pac-man to Mortal Kombat is like comparing night and day. Now parents are begging their kids to play Pac-man! Unfortunately, violent games are much more dominant and a lot easier to find than non-violent games. There have been two studies in particular examining violent video game effects on variables. Study 1 found that real life violent video game play was positively related aggressive behavior and delinquency. The relation is even stronger for the males who are aggressive. In study 2, lab exposure to violent games increased aggressive thoughts and behavior. In both studies, men had more hostile views of the world than women did. The results of both studies are consistent and predict that overexposure will increase aggressive behavior both short term and long term. On April 20, 1999, two Columbian High School students attacked their school, murdering 13 and wounding 23 right before taking their own lives. Although there are a number of factors in why these boys did what they did, one possible factor is violent video games. They both enjoyed playing the bloody shooting game Doom and ended up acting it out in real life. T... Free Essays on Video Games And Agressive Behavior Free Essays on Video Games And Agressive Behavior Entertainment and media affect our lives. What’s to say that video games do not have the same effect? There are many variables that show how a person will act and to what stimuli. Men and women are also very different in the way that they perceive things and respond to them. Playing violent video games compared to non-violent games, academic achievement, and the time spent playing the games are all factors relating to violent and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. Video games have been around for years. When Atari first presented the games, the whole world was playing Pong and Pac-man. Even then, questions were raised about children playing such â€Å"violent† games such as Pac-man, going around chomping up little ghosts. 1993, the most popular video game was Mortal Kombat. Comparing Pac-man to Mortal Kombat is like comparing night and day. Now parents are begging their kids to play Pac-man! Unfortunately, violent games are much more dominant and a lot easier to find than non-violent games. There have been two studies in particular examining violent video game effects on variables. Study 1 found that real life violent video game play was positively related aggressive behavior and delinquency. The relation is even stronger for the males who are aggressive. In study 2, lab exposure to violent games increased aggressive thoughts and behavior. In both studies, men had more hostile views of the world than women did. The results of both studies are consistent and predict that overexposure will increase aggressive behavior both short term and long term. On April 20, 1999, two Columbian High School students attacked their school, murdering 13 and wounding 23 right before taking their own lives. Although there are a number of factors in why these boys did what they did, one possible factor is violent video games. They both enjoyed playing the bloody shooting game Doom and ended up acting it out in real life. T...

Building Stalins Cult of Personality Essays

Building Stalins Cult of Personality Essays Building Stalins Cult of Personality Essay Building Stalins Cult of Personality Essay What is the significance of propaganda throughout history? Why are the great rulers so great? How do rulers like Hitler, Stalin, Mussolini and many others manage to win peoples approval and support? All these questions can be answered with a single word propaganda. Propaganda has been helping great rulers to establish great states and it has also brought confidence and stability to these states. During the beginning of the 20th century Russia was suffering a crisis (The Stalin Cult: the Cult of Personality). After World War I and the Civil War, Russia had reached the pick of its downfall, so just when Russia needed someone that could bring back the order, Stalin and his cult of personality gave Russia a way out of the crisis (The Stalin Cult: the Cult of Personality).Using propaganda Stalin managed to unite the whole nation and, thus lead Russia out of the crisis. Soon after Stalins death it was Nikita Khrushchev, who in 1956 at the Twentieth Congress of the Communist Party exposed Stalins Cult of Personality, coined the term Stalinism and began calling him Vozhd (meaning Leader) (Cult of Personality). This cult helped the Vozhd maintain control in the USSR, while propaganda and manipulation were massively used to extend and reinforce his cult of personality.Stalinist propaganda dates its beginning in the 1920s when its use was necessary due to the newly arisen power struggle for dominance in the USSR (The Struggle for Succession). Lenins death in January 1924 was a tragedy that affected the nation (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?). Upon his death a cult was formed, called the Lenin cult, which described him as the the greatest leader of all time and all nations (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?). When Lenin died he left over a political testament, calling for Stalins removal from his position as a secretary of the party. This document was potentially disastrous to Stalins career, but his skills and luck gave him the opportunity to discount it (Why Stalin and Not Trots ky?). After Lenins death there were five possible candidates for his successor (The Struggle for Succession). They were all Lenins personal choice: Trotsky, Stalin, Zinoviev, Kamenev and Bukharin (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?).Actually, it was Trotsky, who was the natural heir to Lenin, since he was the one to organize the October coup to manage the Red Army in the Civil War and was quite popular (Why Stalin and Not Trotsky?). He had also helped Lenins rise to power (The Struggle for Succession). However, his chances of succeeding Lenin were probably more apparent than real. Trotsky was a poor administrator, who joined the Bolshevik party late, and his Jewishness was not an advantage in a country where Jews were widely blamed for the devastations done by communism (Stalin and The Lesser Gods). On the other hand, although far less known, it was more possible for Stalin to inherit Lenin (The Struggle for Succession). Since he was intellectually plain, a dry speaker and an awful writer, Stalin preferred to control and operate behind the curtains (The Struggle for Succession). He was a true manipulator, who used all possible, but well thought tactics to make people do obey his commands.Propaganda and manipulation was used in the 1920s to grant Stalin a victory in the ongoing power struggle. By 1922 Stalin was in a unique position to manipulate policies due to the fact that he belonged both to the Politburo (it set policy) and the Secretariat (it managed personnel) (Stalin and The Lesser Gods). To hold back Trotsky, he also entered in an alliance with Zinoviev and Kamenev, thus forming a triumvirate (The Struggle for Succession). The triumvirate dominated in the Politburo and also isolated their common rival (The Struggle for Succession).Aware of the power struggle arising and the deep affairs of his successors, Lenin tried to intervene and keep the party discipline, but the triumvirate gave orders and he was left banned from involvement in any government affairs (T he Struggle for Succession). Next, Stalin broke up the triumvirate to obtain undisputed personal leadership (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1). Then, in order achieve full control Stalin had to win the support of the party cadres, so he promised to provide a continued and stable leadership, to repel all of the democratic challenges and to maintain any privileges the country has gained (The Stalin Cult: the Cult of Personality).Not only Stalin concentrated on manipulation of the party, but immediately after Lenins death he also endorsed an extravagant quasi-Byzantine cult of the departed leader in order to start building his own cult of personality and undermine his opponents authority (The Struggle for Succession). He rewrote history in such a way as to make himself appear much closer to Lenin than he was in fact (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1). Since people were vulnerable at that time it was easy for them to be convinced in Stalins new reproach that in its own way looked very much like Lenins. Stalin indeed loved Lenin and wanted to prove his love not only to other people but to himself as well (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1). He succeeded in doing so because people began putting their names together (Stalin and The Cult of Personality1).Laughter in the village,Voice behind the plow,Lenin and Stalin,And these verses now (by Pasternak) (Stalin and The Cult of Personality2).Stalin finally managed to mislead the public that he was closer to Lenin than Trotsky was and this made him the ideal choice for the new Leader. After getting rid of Trotsky, Stalin also used propaganda to erase his image from any popular photographs of the time (look at Appendix Propaganda #1, #2) Thus, because of the most powerful weapon propaganda and manipulation the power struggle was ended in favor of Stalin.On assuming full control over the USSR, Stalin began major reforms with the help of propaganda in order to rebuild the country. Stalins policy differed from Leni ns in that he believed that men worked for communism. That is why he instantly ended the New Economic Policy and introduced the First Five Year Plan (Revolution by Design). At the time mobilization was the major desire and for it to be fulfilled a harshly controlled propaganda was engendered (Revolution by Design). Among factories, farms and all of the public places appeared vociferous posters in infinite varieties and quantities (Revolution by Design).As Gustav Klutsis said: the country was on the attack! to fulfill the new plan, to exceed the quotas in any possible way, to secure the USSR (The Struggle for Succession). Klutsis converted the techniques of the 1920s into an illustration of the plan (Revolution by Design). Although he used simple colors for his art, many were astonished by the dynamics, which were imposed by newly introduced perspectives and proportions (Revolution by Design). All of this was juxtaposed with bold, florid typography in order to emphasize and stress th e heroic age (look at Appendix Propaganda #3) (Revolution by Design).Right after this wild age, Stalin announced a Second Five Year Plan to start immediately (The Struggle for Succession). It had to deal with the entire leniency allowed to writers and artists at the times of Trotsky and Lenin (The Long History of Censorship). Lenin and Trotsky may have introduced this new policy since they have realized how easy intellectuals could convey new ideas in society. As a result, the years of this new order saw a great degree of novelty in both literature and arts, which was harshly contrasting to the general political severity of the regime (The Long History of Censorship). However, upon the annunciation of the Second Five Year Plan all leniency came to its end (The Long History of Censorship). Thus, the censorship and the purging became even more convoluted and ominous (The Long History of Censorship).In the Second Five Year Plan all efforts were directed in another direction repressio n (Revolution by Design). In 1934 Stalin embarked first on a purgation of the Party and then of the army (Revolution by Design). Those who were suspected to disagree or even lack enthusiasm were either sent to labor camps or executed (Revolution by Design). Many artists from the earlier period died at that time and one of them is Klutsis, who died in the camps (gulags) (Revolution by Design). Still, in art, literature and any form of expressions of that time one theme dominated and that was the role of the infallible Vozhd Joseph Stalin (The Long History of Censorship). His image appeared anywhere, in any kind of context he achieved a status of a demi-god in the USSR (The Struggle for Succession). He believed he was the great leader and teacher of the Soviet people (look at Appendix Propaganda #4) (Stalin Controls His Image).He wanted more than anything to be represented as peoples closest friend, their comrade and successor of Lenin (Stalin Controls His Image). The end justified the means and it did not matter if a few photos had to be adjusted. Spontaneity and originality were driven out by terror and fear, thus producing the new art the art of Social Realism (The Struggle for Succession). It dominated in the USSR long after Stalins death in 1953 (Revolution by Design). Stalin has made a lot of reforms to rebuilt the USSR, which all differ in methods and tactics, but they all have at least one thing in common the usage of propaganda and manipulation.Stalins cult of personality is not by chance because it succeeded to unify the nation, stabilize the state and therefore bring Russia back to power. Even though his reign was primarily related to terror, horror and slaughter, it also helped Russia gradually get out of the crisis it suffered due do previous wars. To rise to power, he built his own by manipulative tactics and propaganda, which on the other hand built Stalins image. His name will be remembered in history, for he will always remain the man of st eel.

Relationship between Einstein and Dostoevsky, how science is related Essay

Relationship between Einstein and Dostoevsky, how science is related to art - Essay Example Einstein and Dostoevsky of course lived apart in terms of geography and time, with Dostoevsky having lived from 1821 to 1888, while Einstein would be more properly situated firmly in the 20th century, having lived from 189 to 1955. True, there was some overlap in their historical timelines, but this overlap is trivial in comparison to the profound impact of the thoughts and views, and the artistic vision of Dostoevsky as reflected in his important novels, chief among them ‘The Brothers Karamazov’. Einstein would of course be propelled by that influence of Dostoevsky, as well as his own gifts and talents in theoretical physics, to make unprecedented insights into the nature of the universe, including the nature of matter and energy, time, gravity, and relativity, the latter being the aspect of his work for which he garnered lasting acclaim. His insights into relativity, moreover, would be the foundation of major advances in cosmology and many other disciplines within the scientific community. One can argue that Dostoevsky’s imprint on Einstein’s views about the nature of the world was large and crucial to the way Einstein’s scientific mind blossomed and bore so much fruit during his time. 1 2 3 4 The gist of Dostoevsky’s contribution to the formation of the worldview of Einstein, and arguably the foundation of his scientific career and the spectacular insights and discoveries emanating from his work, is summed up in a quote attributed to the scientist, with regard to how Dostoevsky, according to Einstein, is able to provide more to Einstein in comparison to any scientist, and in particular more than what Gauss had given him. This is not a trivial quote, and can be construed as a recognition from Einstein that what Dostoevsky gave him in terms of a vision from the arts is more than what science had been able to provide him up until that point in his life. Here then is an early intimation of what the role of science

Assessment of Global Business Environment Essay

Assessment of Global Business Environment - Essay Example The ways in which individuals and companies interact with one another have been altered significantly. One of the most noteworthy changes is in the aspect of speed with which people can interact with one another in the modern world. Communication methods have improved vastly over the last century and this has forced business organizations to reframe their means and purposes of communication with their employees, customers and other stakeholders. Advancement in technology has allowed the companies to reduce gaps in communication with their overseas markets. In the present business platform, companies are making efforts to move ahead of their services offered domestically and are striving to enter into new markets, particularly in the developing countries. High rate of technological development has helped participants in the global market to access these technological knowhow at a cheaper rate. Information flows across the geographical boundaries with greater speed and accuracy and rea ches a larger population within a short period of time. Telecommunication technology plays an important role in this context. Globalization has cast a significant impact on the telecommunications industry and is in turn driving further improvements in the telecommunications technology. Changes in telecommunications industry due to globalization The telecommunications industry is changing rapidly under the influence of globalization. New state-of-the art technology and modern innovations have brought significant changes in the international as well as the domestic market of the United Kingdom. These radical changes in the global telecommunications industry are critical to the success of the firm. Several technological and political developments are currently occurring in this industry. The most distinctly recognizable changes are: Figure 1: Impacts of globalization (Source: Author’s creation) Deregulation of the telecommunications sector The telecommunications industry has a l ong history of its journey since 1884. With the ground breaking invention of telephone by Alexander Graham Bell in 1884, the telephone came into existence. However, it has come into common use several decades after this invention. The telecommunications industry gained a worldwide importance in the first three decades of the twentieth century. By the 1930s, this industry became stable and the telecommunication service providers became an important aspect for the international trade and commerce as well as for the defence sector. During this period the telecommunication sector was under the regulation of the national governments. However, as a result of globalization, liberalization policies were sweeping across the nations and its impact also touched the telecommunication industry (Bartle, 2005). In the mid 1950s, the United States of America (USA) first deregulated its telecommunications market. This set the example for the other countries to follow this path. Following the USA, co untries in the Europe also began to deregulate the telecommunica