Teaching Frederick Douglass in American School Systems Essay -- Freder

Teaching Frederick Douglass in American School Systems With the increasing popularity of educational standards and standardized testing many are beginning to ask, "What is the purpose of education?" Is the goal of education to fill students' minds with a curriculum of facts, or is it to prepare them to be productive members of society? If the answer to this question is the latter of those two, what do they need to know in order to be good citizens and how should that be taught? Tolerance is one issue that educators are leaning towards in their own curriculum. Over the years Americans have made advancements in the area of tolerance, yet there are still some presuppositions that lurk within society. The best way to deal with this issue is to educate people with the truth and provide them with opportunities to see the world through the eyes of one who is oppressed. Frederick Douglass's Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself invites readers into the life of one who is oppressed so that they might s ee of how damaging intolerance is for those who are enslaved by its prejudices as well as those who hold those harsh sentiments. For this very reason Douglass serves as an excellent resource to personalize issues such as these and bring them into an academic light where teachers and students can open their minds to tolerating and defending differences. Douglass's Narrative brings an ugly era of American history to life as it weaves through his personal experiences with slavery, brutality, and escape. Most importantly Douglass reveals the real problem in slavery, which is the destructive nature of intolerance and the need for change. Douglass refers many times to the dehumanizing effects sla... ...s not solely about rote memorization and the three R's or anything else that can be tested with a bubble sheet test. Learning is about growing as a person and gaining meaningful experiences. This is the type of education students receive from Frederick Douglass. Works Cited Caporino, Grace M. and Rose A. Rudnitski. General Guidelines for Teaching about Intolerance and Genocide. Teaching for a Tolerant World. Ed. Judith P. Robertson. Urbana, Illinois: National Council of Teachers of English, 1999. Douglass, Frederick. Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself. 1845, The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2003. 2032-2097. Young, Iris Marion. "Five Faces of Oppression." Readings for Diversity and Social Justice. Ed. Adams, M., et. Al. New York: Routledge, 2000.

Quantitative Research Theory Essay

The purpose of the quantitative method is used when measuring the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample and how it may be used in nursing practice. The quantitative method is often followed by the qualitative method, used to observe further findings. Its objective is to appraise data and conclude results from sample populations of interest. Quantitative methods highlight the importance on objective measures and numerical analysis of data gathered through questionnaires, surveys, and/or surveys. This method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Quantitative research is an objective, formal, rigorous, systematic process for creating numerical data in regards to the world. The quantitative method of conducting research is often used to describe new situations, events, or concepts and determine the effectiveness of treatments in the world. There are four types of quantitative resea rch methods such as: descriptive research, correlation research, quasi-experimental research, and experimental research. Quantitative research is necessary in developing knowledge vital for evidence-based nursing practices. Conducting quantitative research requires rigor and control. Rigorous research provides credibility and worth. When collecting data disciplined techniques much like on-street interviews, online questionnaires, or telephone interviews should be used. Sampling sizes typically occur when using larger numbers of cases representing populations of interest, randomly selected respondents. Findings of statistical data are conclusive and definitive typically descriptive in its nature. Things to keep in mind when utilizing the quantitative method and reporting the results of a study. An explanation of the statistical treatment and data collected as relevant results are produced coinciding to the research issue under investigation. Chronologically log all unanticipated events that take place during the data collecting stage. Provide an explanation of the techniques used to gather and present v alid and credible data information. Select a sufficient  statistical procedure; provide an account for the selected use and references for such. Describe assumptions for all research procedures and the efforts taken to ensure that they haven’t been violated. If using presumed statistics, descriptive statistics should be provided, confidence intervals, and sample sizes for each variable to include the value of test statistics, the direction, the significance level, and the degrees of freedom. When avoiding the use of inferring causality in particular non-randomized designs or without additional experimentation. The use of tables to provide exact value uses figures conveying global effects. In quantitative research, the objective is to determine the connection between two things, the independent and dependent variable in populations. Its designs are either descriptive or experimental. The descriptive design subjects are typically measured once, whereas experimental subjects are measured before and after treatment. The descriptive study creates associations only between variables. The experimental design, however, establi shes causality. The main characteristics are to classify features, construct statistical models, and count them in an attempt to detail what has occurred and what is observed. The research deals in logic and the objective, numbers, focusing on logic, unchanging static data and detailed, convergent reasoning as oppose to divergent reasoning. Once data has been collected in the quantitative research method, decisions must be made on how the use of information gathered can be altered to offer recommendations. Individuals compare primary focuses on basic quantitative and qualitative methodologies; qualitative methodologies investigate categories and themes of collected input, while quantitative methodologies confirm validity and reliability of the gathered statistics. The objective of this form of research is to populate gaps with knowledge. This nature of knowing is referenced often as ontology versus epistemology. Ontology is in regards to the world’s existence and in what form. Epistemology is simply described as how you know what you know. In ontological quantitative methods, an altered reality occurs in which it can be measured and appreciated to a certain degree of efficiency. In epistemology quantitative research, the process is done through objective observations and measurements. Methodology research is subjective to various ethical implications. Aside from the element of deception that is included, individuals involved in a controlled group may  have a disadvantage when the outcome of treatment or interventions is unclear or believed to be underlying to existing regimens. There are ethical considerations dependent on the form of study. In example, if a study is done on evaluating the effectiveness of an epinephrine auto-injector. It would be unethical to withhold or deny interventions for individuals within the controlled group. The ethics of methodology research demands careful assessments of the benefits and risks that may occur and that information is gathered and delivered to participants during the process of gathering informed consent. A generalized guideline is viewed as â€Å"the degree of risk to be taken by those participating in the research should never exceed the potential humanitarian benefits of the knowledge to be gained†. In conclusion, the quantitative method measures the incidence of multiple views and opinions in a singular chosen sample. The quantitative method is sometimes followed by the qualitative research, which is used to observe further findings. The method of researching focuses on collecting numerical information and generalizing the data across groups of individuals. Reference Babbie, Earl R (2010). The Practice of Social Research. Retrieved from:http://libguides.usc.edu/content.php?pid=83009&sid=615867 Glesne, C. (2006). Becoming qualitative researchers: An introduction (3rd ed.). Retrieved from:http://www.nursingcenter.com/lnc/journalarticle?Article_ID=737387 Polit, D.F., Hungler, B.P. (1999) Nursing Research: Principles and Methods (6th ed).Philadelphia: J.B. Lippincott. Snap Surveys (2014). Qualitative vs Quantitative Research. Retrieved from:http://www.snapsurveys.com/qualitative-quantitative-research/

How to Disinfect Rainwater for Drinking

You can usually drink rain straight from the sky, but if youre collecting and storing it, youll want to disinfect rainwater for drinking and cleaning. Fortunately, there are simple disinfection methods to use, whether you have power or not. This is handy information to know in case youre stuck after a storm without water or youre out camping. The same techniques can be used to prepare snow for drinking, too. Quick Methods to Disinfect Water Boiling - Reduce pathogens by boiling water for 1 minute at a rolling boil or 3 minutes if youre at an altitude greater than 2,000 meters (6,562 feet). The longer boiling time at high altitude is because water boils at a lower temperature. The recommended duration comes from the Centers for Disease Control (CDC). If you store freshly boiled water in sterile containers (which can be boiled) and seal them, the water will remain safe indefinitely. Bleach - For disinfection, add 2.3 fluid ounces of household bleach (sodium hypochlorite in water)  per 1,000 gallons of water (in other words, for a small volume of water, a splash of bleach is  more than sufficient). Allow 30 minutes for the chemicals to react.  It may seem obvious, but use unscented bleach since the scented sort includes perfumes and other undesirable chemicals.  Bleach dosage is not a hard-and-fast rule because its effectiveness depends on the temperature of the water and pH. Also, be aware that bleach may react with chemicals in the water to produce toxic gases (mostly a concern with turbid or cloudy water). Its not ideal to add bleach to water and immediately seal it in containers — its better to wait for any fumes to dissipate. Although drinking straight bleach is dangerous, the small concentration used to disinfect water isnt likely to cause problems.  Bleach dissipates within 24 hours.   Why Would You Disinfect Rainwater? The point of disinfection is to remove disease-causing microbes, which include bacteria, algae, and fungi. Rain generally doesnt contain any more microbes than any other drinking water (its often cleaner than groundwater or surface water), so its usually fine to drink or use for other purposes. If the water falls into a clean cistern or bucket, its still fine. In fact, most people who collect rainwater use it without applying any treatment. Microbial contamination of rain is less of a threat than toxins that might be in the water from surfaces it touched. However, those toxins require filtration or special treatment. What were talking about here is pure rain. Technically, you dont have to disinfect it, but most public agencies recommend taking the extra precaution to prevent illness. Ways to Disinfect Water There are four broad categories of disinfection methods: heat, filtration, irradiation, and chemical methods. Boiling water is an excellent method, but obviously, it only helps if you have a heat source. Boiling water can kill some pathogens, but it does not remove heavy metals, nitrate, pesticides, or other chemical contamination.Chlorine, iodine, and ozone are most often used for chemical disinfection. Chlorination can leave potentially toxic by-products, plus it doesnt kill all cysts or viruses. Iodination is effective, but leaves an unpleasant taste. Use of iodine is not recommended when preparing water for pregnant women or people with thyroid problems.  Adding ozone is effective, but not widely available.Irradiation is accomplished using an ultraviolet light or exposure to strong sunlight. UV light kills bacteria and viruses, but doesnt kill all the algae or cysts of pathogenic organisms. Sunlight is effective if the water is sufficiently clear, the light is bright enough, and the water is exposed to light long enough. There are too many variables to give firm recommendations on use of this method.Microfiltration effectiveness depends on the pore size of the filter. The smaller the pore size, the better the filtration, but its also slower. This technique removes all pathogens. Other techniques are becoming more widespread, including electrolysis, nano-alumina filtration, and LED irradiation.

Baseball - Revenue Sharing - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 1 Words: 425 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/02 Category Sports Essay Level High school Tags: Baseball Essay Did you like this example? One of the most interesting things regarding my research of the MLB is the system that they use to pay the teams of the league called revenue sharing. Revenue sharing is when all of the 30 teams in the league give in 31% of their total local revenue, which is then divided and equally dispersed to each team (Revenue Sharing). Teams acquire the majority of their revenue locally through things such as television contracts, concessions, ticket sales, partnerships/sponsorships, and team merchandise. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Baseball Revenue Sharing" essay for you Create order This system is in place to improve competitive balance; it rearranges the money made in the MLB from profitable teams to less wealthy teams in hopes to improve their capability of appealing to the better and more expensive players (Fontinelle). In simple terms, the New York Yankees, the richest team in the league, gives in more money than they recoup and the Tampa Bay Rays, poorest team in the league, receives more money than they put in (Business). Before my research, I was unaware that there was a specific system in the MLB to prevent dominant teams in the league from having an unfair advantage over the less successful clubs; I used to think that all teams received the same amount of compensation. This is sociologically interesting because it gives underprivileged teams the opportunity to compete with affluent teams. The idea behind revenue sharing is for a manager to take the money they have received and invest it in the goal to rebuild their roster, overall improving their team as a whole. Baseballs collective bargaining agreement states each club shall use its revenue-sharing receipts in an effort to improve its performance on the field and prohibits use of that money to service debt related to franchise acquisition and service to debt not related to improving on-field performance (The Associated Press). Although the principles of revenue sharing are established to combat structural inequality, there have been instances where smaller market teams abuse the money they are given for the reasons listed in the quote above. In fact, recently, the Miami Marlins, Oakland Athletics, Pittsburgh Pirates, and Tampa Bay Rays have been suspected of inappropriately using spending their revenue sharing payments (The Associated Press). The idea of the conflict theory presents itself in this situation since the society of the MLB is in eternal conflict as teams compete for limited resources. Even though big name teams such as the Cubs and Yankees pay in millions of dollars for revenue sharing, they try to retain their wealth and power preventing smaller teams from moving up in the system.

Diversity in Prison - 2051 Words

Diversity in Prison The late twentieth century is seeing a rise in racial conflict in the United States as well as on the universal stage in a broad-spectrum (Phillips Bowling, 2002). Statistics indicate that racial/ethnic minorities, particularly black males, face a disproportionately high risk of incarceration in the United States. This determination is made by assessing the negative impact that incarceration can have on individuals, their communities, and the integration of minorities into the nation’s larger social, economic, and political landscape (Yates, 1997). Discrimination in the incarceration of blacks clearly stands out as today’s (Greenfield, 2011) most critical issue in the study of race, crime, and justice. The†¦show more content†¦Durkheimian theory holds that racial discrimination and income inequality indirectly affect imprisonment through crime. This is grounded on the assumption that racial discrimination and/or lower socio-economic status that reduce legitimate economic opportunities, leads to criminal activity, which, leads to imprisonment. In contrast, conflict theory suggests that these variables have both direct and indirect effects. That is, racial composition and income inequality will have a significant effect on imprisonment when controlling for crime. This latter effect is attributed to the response of the economically and politically powerful to the real or perceived threat posed by culturally dissimilar groups (cultural conflict theory). The present study analyzes the existence and magnitudes of the direct and indirect effects of race and income inequality on the level of imprisonment. Other sociological theories suggest that when controlling for the level of serious crime, incarceration rates are directly affected by extra-legal factors. The Cultural Conflict and Neo-Marxist theories suggest that the existing social structure produces a culturally dissimilar class of individuals, such as the impoverished, the unemployed and the oppressed minority, who pose a threat, whether real or perceived, to the interests of the economically and politically powerful (Freiburger, 2010).The relationship between race andShow MoreRelatedThe Increased Prison Population and Improper Punishment System1083 Words   |  5 Pagesattention on issues of nationalism and cultural diversities. As Hallinan and Jackson says, â€Å"Within the context of the post 9/11 era a complex and arguably contradictory and paradoxical set of conditions, practices and policies have emerged in relation to how we see, represent, understand and acknowledge the diversity of ‘Others’† (2008). In this paper, I have discussed issue of racism which our contemporary society is facing. 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A Summary of Cubbin and Geroski Free Essays

This article examines the nature of short-run dynamics in judging the profitability in the marketplace.   The authors state that the dynamics of profits in the inter-industry averages, even between companies in the same industry, can be extremely variable. That is, although it is assumed that there is some homogeneity that can permit comparison between company profits within and industry that can then be used to create an inter-industry average, this homogeneity does not, in fact, exist. We will write a custom essay sample on A Summary of Cubbin and Geroski or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is apparent that this flawed assumption has its roots in the â€Å"shared asset theory of profit determination† posited by Porter (1979) as a method of determining performance in an industry (Cubbin Geroski, 1987, p. 427).   The authors state that the flaw comes from assuming that the â€Å"intra-industry variations in profits are small and uncorrelated with market structure† (Cubbin Geroski, 1987, p. 427), which, if this assumption is untrue, the industry-level analysis of the dynamics between companies is no longer of interest and is no longer of any value. In addition, Porter’s model seems to have failed to take into account the differences that exist between the industry leaders and the industry â€Å"followers† in terms of profitability and how that profit is made. The literature review for Cubbin and Geroski (1987) suggests that analysis of different industries show that market power gains are unevenly distributed between these leaders (the large firms) and followers (the small firms) in these industries and that the markets share that this power reflects is important in determining the relative profitability between companies (pp. 427-428). The authors indicate, however, that there are several assessment methods in terms of determining any individual organization’s profitability both on firm specific and industry-wide factors.   These factors include: Co-efficients on variables, such as market share and industry concentration. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) framework that deconstructs performance variables into effects created by industry, firm, and market share. A dynamic model, which the authors suggest that a co-variance might exist between â€Å"profit paths† across intra-industry firms (Cubbin Geroski, 1987, p. 428). The authors’ state their intent at this juncture; indicating that they intend to examine the importance of industry effect on industry profitability in the United Kingdom (Cubbin Geroski, 1987).   It is also at this point in the paper where the authors describe the form that the paper will take, explaining how the information will be organized and analyzed. The Model The model that the authors examined for the purpose of this paper is that of an individual firm (i) in a single industry (I).   The current profit rate for i is then compared for the equilibrium profit rate for I, over a long term. According to the authors, it is unlikely that the comparison of the profit rates for   Ã‚  and I will be equal to one another over the period of analysis for one of two reasons: 1) that there is no equilibrium in the individual firm’s profit over the long term, or 2) that the equilibrium profit rate for the individual firm differs from that of the industry as a whole.   In addition, the ease or difficulty with which a firm can enter the market and other factors that affect doing business in that industry may have an effect over the rate of equilibrium profit. The authors maintain that the profit rate for the individual is determined by the equilibrium profit rate for the industry and â€Å"the dynamic forces that generate adjustment towards them within and between industries (Cubbin Geroski, 1987, p. 429). Cubbin and Geroski (1987) go on to explain that one issue in this model is that tracking the factors that go into the dynamic may be impossible to measure, in part due to the difficulty in observing them. In addition, the actual entry of a firm into an industry may or may not have an effect overall and may or may not lead to the existing firms in that industry–particularly, presumably, the leaders of that industry–to make strategic preemptive pricing moves that may effect the performance of the market before the new firm even has time to enter and disturb the equilibrium (Cubbin Geroski, 1987). The authors propose a solution to control these variables.   They first define â€Å"entry† into an industry as being when 1) new firms enter the industry, 2) expansion of incumbent firms, and 3) as incumbent competitors attempt to block new firms by uniting their production and pricing efforts (Cubbin Geroski, 1987). This definition was left broad to â€Å"include all systematic dynamic forces interacting with profits† (Cubbin Geroski, 1987).   Entry might then have a strong impact if there are strong dynamic forces; however, weak dynamic forces result in the average industry profitability being affected over a long period (Cubbin Geroski, 1987). If a firm holds a strategic place in the industry and earns profits higher than those earned by others in the industry, then a response to this position might result in other firms in the industry might encourage â€Å"mobility† in the industry itself, with other new firms entering or incumbents restructuring to diversify (Cubbin Geroski, 1987), which results in any of these actions having an effect on the individual firm. The basic model that the authors suggest using to analyze industry profits is arrived at after a series of equations that are eventually modified to take compare the vulnerability to the effects of entry on the part of the individual firm against the industry at large (Cubbin Geroski, 1987), based on the movement created by firm and industry specifics. How to cite A Summary of Cubbin and Geroski, Papers

Financial Statement Forecasting of Saizeria

Question: Discuss about theFinancial Statement Forecasting of Saizeria. Answer: Introduction Projected Assumptions for Income Statement The net sales ratio of Saizeria is projected to increase in the year 2014 in comparison to 2013. Moreover, gross profit of the company is anticipated to increase to 35.8% in the year 2014 in comparison to the previous year. Such increase can be predicted because of the reason the company has increased it new outlets and strengthened products (Healy and Palepu 2012). The company is anticipated to experience decrease in its operating income to 70.6% in the year 2014 in comparison to year 2013. This is because of the reason the company can face economic challenges because of certain factors namely unemployment situation and increase in consumption tax in the year 2014. Projected Assumptions for Balance Sheet Observing the total current assets of Saizeria, it can be projected that the net sales ratio of the company might decrease to 20.7% in the year 2014 as compared to the year 2013. Moreover, total non-current assets of the company are projected to increase to 61.7% in contrast to previous year. Total assets of the company are projected to increase to 82.2% and total liabilities are anticipated to increase to 20.5% in the year 2014. Increase in total assets can be projected for the reason the company has experienced increase in cash because of less repayment in long-term loans (Liang and Riedl 2013). Reference List Healy, P.M. and Palepu, K.G., 2012.Business Analysis Valuation: Using Financial Statements. London: Cengage Learning. Liang, L. and Riedl, E.J., 2013. The effect of fair value versus historical cost reporting model on analyst forecast accuracy.The Accounting Review,89(3), pp.1151-1177.